Advanced Computer Architecture-Ist Internal

I have tried to remove duplicates as much as possible since my last post. There are now 30 unique questions out of which nearly 11 are problematic and remaining are descriptive. Pattern will be 1a,1b,1c ...4a,4b.

Unit-I

1) List and explain four important technologies which have led to the improvements in computer system.

2) Give a brief explanation about trends in power in integrated circuits and cost.

3) Define computer architecture. Illustrate the seven dimensions of an ISA.
3) Define the computer architecture. Explain the response time, throughput, elapsed time and processor clock.

4) Explain in brief measuring, reporting and summarizing performance of computer system.

5) Assume a disk subsystem with the following components and MTTF:

10 disks, each rated at 1000000- hour MTTF.

1 SCSI controller, 500,000- hour MTTF.

1 power supply, 200,000 – hour MTTF.

1 fan, 200,000 – hour MTTF.

1 SCSI cable, 1,000,000 – hour MTTF.

Using the simplifying assumptions that the lifetimes are exponentially distributed and that failures are independent,  compute the MTTF of the system as a whole.

6) Briefly explain the Amdhal’s law.
6) Define Amdahls law. Derive an expression for CPU clock as a function of instruction count, clocks per instruction and clock cycle time.

7) Two code sequences for a particular machine are considered by a compiler designer.

                                Instruction class                CPI for this instruction class

                                                A                                             1

                                                B                                             2

                                                C                                             3

The compiler designer considers 2 code sequences that require the following instruction counts for a particular high-level language statement

Code Sequence                Instruction counts for instruction class

                A             B             C

1              20           10           20

2              40           10           10

i)             Which code sequence executes most of the instruction?

ii)            What is the CPI for each sequence?

iii)           Which will be faster?

8) Explain with a learning curve, how the cost of processor varies with time along with factors influencing the cost.

9) Find the number of dies per 200cm wafer of circular shape that is used to cut die that is 1.5 cm side and compare the number of dies produced on the same wafer if the die is 1.25 cm.

10) The given data presents the power consumption of several computer system components:

Component        Product                Performance                     Power

Processor            Sun Niagara 8-core                          1.2 GHz 72-79 W

DRAM                   Kingston 1GB                              184-pin 3.7 W

Hard drive           Diamond Max 7200 rpm                7.9 W read 4.0 W idle

i)             Assuming the maximum load for each component, a power supply efficiency of 70%, what wattage must the server’s power supply deliver to a system with a Sun Niagara 8-core chip, 2GB 184-pin Kingston DRAM and 7200 rpm hard drives?

ii)            How much power will the 7200 rpm disk drive consume, if it is idle roughly 40% of the time?

iii) Assume that for the same set of requests, a 5400 rpm disk will require twice as much time to read data as a 10800 rpm disk. What percentage of time would the 5400 rpm disk drive be idle to perform the same transaction as in part (II)?

11) We will run two applications on dual Pentium processor, but the resource requirements are not the same. The first application needs 80% of the resources, and the other only 20% of the resources.

i) Given that 40% of the first application is parallelizable, how much speed up will we achieve with that application, if run in isolation?

ii) Given that 99% of the second application is parallelizable, how much speed up will this application observe, if run in isolation?

iii) Given that 40% of the first application is parallelizable, how much overall system speedup would you observe, if we parallelized it?

12) What is dependability? Explain two main measures of dependability.

13) Given the following measurements:

                Frequency of FP operations= 25%            Average CPI of FP operations=4.0

                Average CPI of other instructions=1.33  Frequency of FPSQR=2%

                CPI of FPSQR=20

Assume that  the two design alternatives are to decrease the CPI of FPSQR to 2 or to decrease the average CPI of all FP operations to 2.5. Compare the two design alternatives using the processor performance equations.

Unit-II

14) With a neat diagram, explain the classic five-stage pipeline for a RISC processor.

15) What are the  major hurdles of pipelining? Illustrate the branch hazards in detail.

15) What are the major hurdles in pipelining? Illustrate the data hazard, briefly.

16) List pipeline hazards. Explain any one in detail.
16) Explain the pipeline hazards, in detail.
16) What are the major hazards in a pipeline? Explain data hazard and methods to minimize data hazard with example.

17) List and explain five different ways of classifying exception in a computer system.

18) An unpipelined machine has 10ns clock cycle and it uses four cycles for ALU operations and branches, five cycles for memory operations. Assume that relative frequencies of these operations are 40%, 20% and 40% respectively. Suppose due to clock skew and setup, pipelining the  machine adds 1ns overhead to the clock. Find the speed up from pipelining.

19) Consider the following calculations:  x= y + z    ;  a= b * c.  Assume the calculations are done using registers. Show, using 5 stage pipeline, how many clock pulses are required for direct operations. By recording with stalls show how many clock pulses are required and saving in the number of clock pulses to solve data hazard.

20) Show java loop is unrolled so that there are four copies of the loop body, assuming R1-R2(that is, the size of the array) is initially a multiple of 32, which means that the number of loop iterations is a multiple of 4. Eliminate any obvious redundant computations and do not reuse any of the registers.

21) Explain how pipeline is implemented in MIPS.
21) With a neat block diagram, explain how an instruction can be executed in 4 or 5 clock cycles in MIPS data path, without the pipeline register.

22) Explain different techniques in reducing pipeline branch penalties.

23) Consider the unpipelined processor in RISC. Assume that it has a 1ns clock cycle and that it uses 4 cycles for ALU operations and branches and 5 cycles for memory operations. Assume that the relative frequencies of these operations are 40%, 20% and 40% respectively. Suppose that due to clock skew and setup, pipelining the processor adds 0.2ns of overload to the clock. Ignoring any latency impact, how much speedup in the instruction execution rate will we gain from a pipeline?

Unit-III

24) What are the basic compiler techniques for exposing ILP? Explain briefly.

25) Explain true data dependence, name dependence and control dependence with an example code fragment.
25) What are data dependencies? Explain name dependences with example between two instructions.

26) List the steps to unroll the code and schedule.

27) What are the techniques used to reduce branch costs? Explain both static and dynamic branch prediction used for same.

28) Explain the dynamic branch prediction state diagram.
28) What is the drawback of 1-bit dynamic branch prediction method? Clearly state, how it is overcome in 2-bit prediction. Give the state transition diagram of 2-bit predictor.
28) What is dynamic prediction? Draw the state transition diagram for 2-bit prediction scheme?

29) What is correlating predictors? Explain with examples.

  

30) Show how the below loop would look on MIPS 5-stage pipeline, under the following situations. Find the number of cycles per iteration, for each case. Assume the latencies for integer and floating point operations, as given in the prescribed text book.

Loop:     L.D          F0,0(R1)

                ADD.D   F4,F0,F2

                S.D         F4,0(R1)

                DADDUI               R1,R1,#-8

                BNE        R1,R2, Loop

i)             Without scheduling and without loop unrolling.

ii)            With scheduling and without loop unrolling.

iii)           With loop unrolling four times and without scheduling.

iv)           With loop unrolling four times and with scheduling.

                                            ~~~~x0x~~~~

Computer Graphics And Visualization-Ist internal Question Bank

Computer Graphics and Visualization-10CS65       - I st internal Question Bank

 (E-Easy, I-Important, D-Little Difficult(i don't expect anyone to attempt))

1)    List out four major areas of applications of computer graphics and explain each one of them.(E,I)

 

2)    Draw the five major elements of a graphics system and explain.(E,I)

 

3)    Describe a pin-hole camera and derive the size of images generated. Compare this with the human visual system.(E,I)

 

4)    Explain the Sythetic-Camera model with diagrams. What do the following terms mean

i) Projectors     ii) Center of Projection    iii) Projection Plane   iv) Clipping Window(E,I)

 

5)    Draw the application programmers model of graphics system. What functions are supported by the pen plotter model and the raster based model.(E,I)

 

6)    a) Explain the modeling-rendering paradigm.(D)

b) Draw and Explain the Display Processor Architecture.(E)

 

7)    a) Describe the four major steps in a Graphics Pipeline.(I)

b) What are Programmable Pipelines.(D)

 

8)    Give an algorithm to generate the 2D sierpinski gasket by plotting points.(E)

 

9)    Write an OpenGL C program to generate the 2D sierpinski gasket by recursive subdivision of triangles.(I)

 

10) Give the seven major groups of OpenGL Graphics Functions and explain each group.(E,I)

 

11) Write about the Open GL libraries and their organization.(E,I)

 

12) Draw and explain a simplified OpenGL pipeline.(E)

 

13) How do you draw basic geometric primitives (Points, Lines, Polylines, Polygons, Triangles, Quadrilaterals, Strips and Fans) in OpenGL.(E,I)

 

14) a) What are the three properties a polygon must have in order to be displayed correctly.(E,I)

b) What are the attributes of points, line segments, polygons and stroke text.(D)

 

15) Describe Stroke text and Raster text. Describe functions(APIs) to draw text in each case.(E,I)

 

16) What is Three Color Theory. Differentiate Additive Color and Subtractive Color model.(I)

 

17)  a) How do you specify Color using RGB values.(I)

      b) How do you specify Indexed Color using a Color Lookup Table. How do you set the entries in a Color table. (I)

 

18) a) How do you specify a viewing volume for Orthographic projections.(E)

          b) How do you specify a clipping rectangle for Two-Dimesional Viewing.(E)

     

19) a) Describe the control functions used to control the appearence of window on a display.(D)

b) How do you specify a viewport?(E)

c) How do you register a function display for callback. What are the events that trigger the display callback.(E)

 

20) Write an OpenGL program to draw a three-dimensional Sierpinski gasket inside a tetrahedron using recursive subdivision.(E,I)

 

21) How do you plot an implicit function such as x²+y²-1=0 using marching squares technique. Describe at least one case of the 16 cases.(DDD)

 

22) Write a short note on categorization of logical input devices.(I)

 

23) Briefly describe the three input modes with diagrams.(I)

 

24) What are display lists? How do you define and execute them in OpenGL. How can you create multiple lists and call them with a single function call.(D,I)

 

Software architecture- IIIrd Internal Question Bank

Unit-6

 

1 a) Explain the benefits and liabilities of microkernel pattern.

  b) Enumerate the implementation steps of reflection pattern.

 

2 a) What are the steps involved in implementing the microkernel system?

b) What are the benefits and liabilities of reflection architecture patterns?

 

3 a) List and explain the participating components of a microkernel pattern.

b) Explain the known uses of reflection pattern.

 

4 a) Discuss on the benefits and liabilities offered by Microkernel pattern.

b) Give detailed explanation on the different known applications offered by the reflection pattern.

 

5 a) Explain in brief, the components comprising the structure of microkernel architectural pattern.

b) With an example, explain when the reflection architectural pattern is used. What are its benefits?

Unit-8

1 a) What are the three steps for choosing views for a project?

  b) Write a note on view catalog.

  c) What are the options for representing connectors and systems in UML?

 

2 a) Explain with a neat diagram, the evolutionary delivery life cycle model.

b) What are the suggested standard organization points for interface documentation?

3 a) List the steps of ADD.

b) Write a note on creating a skeletal system.

c) What are the uses of architectural documentation? Bring out the concept of view as applied to architectural documentation.

 

4 a) Briefly explain the different steps performed while designing an architecture using the ADD method.

b) Write short notes on : i) Forming team structures      ii) Documenting across views

iii) Documenting interfaces.

 

5 a) Explain the steps involved in designing an architecture, using the attribute driven design.

  b) “Architecture serves as a communication vehicle among stakeholders. Documentation facilitates that communication” Justify.

SA-IInd Internal

II nd Internal Question Bank-Computer Science & Engg

SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

1)                  What do you mean by Architectural Pattern? How is it categorized? Explain with examples?

2)                  Explain the context, problem and solution for Layered Pattern?

3)                  Explain the implementation of Layered Pattern?

4)                  Explain the dynamic behaviors of Layered Application Pattern?

5)                  Explain the set of forces which influences on the solution of layered pattern.

6)                  Explain the benefits and consequences of Layered Pattern.

7)                  Define Pipes and Filters pattern? Explain with an example?

8)                  Explain the solution structure of pipes and filters?

9)                  Discuss the consequences of pipes and filters?

10)              Discuss the various scenarios of Pipes and Filters with a neat diagram.

11)              Discuss the benefits and liabilities of pipes anf filters?

12)              With a CRC card, explain the structures of Broker Architecture?

13)              Discuss the various steps involved in implementation of Blackboard?

14)              Explain the solution structures of Blackboard?

15)              What do you mean by Distributed System? Why is it Important? Explain with an example?

16)              What is Broker Architecture? What are the steps involved in implementation of broker Architecture?

17)              Discuss the dynamic behaviors of Broker Architecture?

18)              Explain the implementation of MVC?

19)              Explain the structural components of PAC with a CRC card?

20)              What is MVC? Discuss context, problem and solution of MVC?

21)              Write short notes on : HEARSAY-II and TEE and JOIN PIPELINE SYSTEM.

22)              Explain the various scenarios of PAC?

23)              Define PAC? Explain context, problem and solution of it?

24)              Explain the solution structure for MVC? How they are related?

Software Architecture---- Ist internal Question Bank

Software Architecture            06IS72                                Computer Science & Engg-7^th Sem

 

1.    Define software architecture. How the architecture business cycle works with a neat diagram?

 

2.    Explain where do architectures come from?

 

3.    Explain the different steps involved in the architectural activities.

 

4.    What makes a good architecture? Name the two major recommendations and list down the process recommendations.

 

5.    With a neat diagram explain what does software architecture tells and what it is not.

 

6.    Explain about architectural pattern, reference models and reference architecture with a neat diagram.

 

7.    Briefly explain importance of software architecture? Elaborate that architecture is the vehicle for stakeholder communication.

 

8.    Differentiate between software architecture structures and views. Briefly explain different types of software structures.

 

9.    Define architectural styles. List the common architectural styles.

 

10. Explain the following:   I) Pipes and Filters    ii) Data Abstraction

 

11. Discuss about the implicit invocation. List the benefits and liabilities.

 

12. Explain layered system and repositories.

 

13. Define the following: I) Controlled Variable ii) Set Point     iii) Open Loop System

iv) Feedback control system    v) Feedforward control system

 

14. Explain process control organization style. Explain open- and closed- loop control.

 

15. State the problem of KWIC index system. Explain the abstract data type and implicit invocation solutions with a neat sketch.

 

16. Explain the instrumentation software with all possible solutions with a neat diagram.

 

17. Define the problem of mobile robotics and discuss the design considerations.

 

18. Explain the solutions of layered solution and blackboard architecture in mobile robotics.

 

19. Briefly describe the cruise control system.

 

20. With a neat diagram explain the three vignettes in mixed style.

 

21. What is a quality attribute scenario? List the parts of such a scenario. Distinguish between availability scenarios and modifiability scenarios.

 

22. Explain how faults are detected and prevented.

 

23. Explain the business qualities.

 

24. What do you mean by tactics? Explain the availability tactics with a neat diagram.

 

 

 

Third Internal Question Bank(CG)

Computer Graphics and Visualization-06CS65-IIIrd Internal Question Bank

1)  Explain light-matter interaction and give its classification into three groups. How it is modeled using BRDF.

2)  Give the expression for the intensity of light from a surface illuminated by many light sources using the phong lighting model. How is this modified by the calculation of the halfway vector in the blinn-phong model.

3)  Give the different types of light sources along with a possible modeling method in each case.

4)  How are normals calculated for a plane? How do you calculate normal for a surface described implicitly by a function f(x,y,z)?

5)  How do you specify material properties in OpenGL? How can you specify material properties using a single function call.

6)  Give a program for approximation of a sphere by recursive subdivision where each sphere is drawn using a tessellation of triangles. The sphere should be shaded by specifying appropriate normals.

7)  Explain and differentiate flat, smooth and phong shading.

8)  How are light sources specified and enabled in openGL. How do you handle distant light sources. How do you specify local viewer and shading both the sides.

9)  Explain the four major tasks in a graphics pipeline.

10)Describe the cohen-sutherland line clipping algorithm with the method of encoding points.

11)How do you clip a line using liang-barsky parametric line clipping algorithm.

12)Explain sutherland-hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm using as many diagrams as possible.

13)Describe Bresenham's Algorithm to scan convert a line.

14)Differentiate between object-space and image space approaches to hidden surface removal. Give a short description of Scan-line Area Filling.(Pertains to 9^th lab program)

15)Describe the Z-Buffer algorithm to remove hidden surfaces.

16)Write short notes on

          a) Back face removal

          b) Depth Sort algorithm

          c) Painter's algorithm  

          d) Anti-Aliasing